Enlargement of Right Atrium

1. Tallest P wave no longer appears in Lead II, but in AVF or Lead III
2. Look at Lead II and V1. Amplitude of 1st portion of P wave increases .
3. >2.5mm in inferior leads, II, III and AVF

current ajcc staging in renal cancer and survival

ajcc staging for renal cancer:

t1a tumor smaller than 4cm
t1b tumor 4cm but smaller than 7cm
t2 at least 7cm, limited to kidney
t3a tumor invades adrenal gland/perinephric tissues but not beyond gerotas fascia
t3b grossly extends into renal vein or inferior vena cava
t4 invades gerotas fascia

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